[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/hybridni-pohony\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/hybridni-pohony\/","headline":"Hybridn\u00ed pohony","name":"Hybridn\u00ed pohony","description":"B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spalovac\u00ed motory se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch vlivem \u0159ady faktor\u016f st\u00e1vaj\u00ed postupn\u011b ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi jednak vzhledem k\u00a0n\u00e1klad\u016fm na jejich provoz, zejm\u00e9na v\u0161ak kv\u016fli vlivu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. […]","datePublished":"2019-12-12","dateModified":"2023-05-03","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7c144e1de0ecc43e7a8353c804f0c7ea63c9554336576e7048c4bdeaa59bbbbb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7c144e1de0ecc43e7a8353c804f0c7ea63c9554336576e7048c4bdeaa59bbbbb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"simpli.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a365998_w4193_t1578586602.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a365998_w4193_t1578586602.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/hybridni-pohony\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":702,"articleBody":"B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spalovac\u00ed motory se v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch vlivem \u0159ady faktor\u016f st\u00e1vaj\u00ed postupn\u011b ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi jednak vzhledem k\u00a0n\u00e1klad\u016fm na jejich provoz, zejm\u00e9na v\u0161ak kv\u016fli vlivu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Produkce oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho ze spalovac\u00edch motor\u016f je sice kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm progresivn\u00edch technologi\u00ed a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je vyhov\u011bt normativn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm evropsk\u00fdch regul\u00ed, spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv je v\u0161ak dlouhodob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli jejich zten\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm se celosv\u011btov\u00fdm z\u00e1sob\u00e1m.Do hled\u00e1\u010dku p\u0159edn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v\u00a0automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu se tak glob\u00e1ln\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed pohony nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdhody zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0souvislosti se sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm objemu exhal\u00e1t\u016f generovan\u00fdch dopravou. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b lze vyu\u017e\u00edvat \u0161est alternativn\u00edch typ\u016f pohonn\u00fdch hmot\/prost\u0159edk\u016f ve t\u0159ech variantn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00ed technologie motoru. Mezi alternativn\u00ed typy pohonn\u00fdch hmot se \u0159ad\u00ed:–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 rafin\u00e9rsk\u00e9 plyny ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako LPG–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stla\u010den\u00fd plyn nebo zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd zemn\u00ed plyn ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako CNG nebo LNG–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bionafta a paliva s\u00a0b\u00e1z\u00ed metylesteru z\u00edskan\u00e9ho z\u00a0\u0159epkov\u00e9ho oleje–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paliva, jejich\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017ekou jsou alkoholy–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vod\u00edk–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elekt\u0159inaTato paliva mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na separ\u00e1tn\u011b nebo v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm spalov\u00e1n\u00edm. Podle variace \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jsou tak rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1ny spalovac\u00ed motory, motory na alternativn\u00ed paliva a hybridn\u00ed pohony. Posledn\u00ed jmenovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed technologick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdhod spalovac\u00edho a alternativn\u00edho motoru uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm obou \u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 p\u0159i vhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. P\u0159esto\u017ee lze hybridizace pohonn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu dos\u00e1hnout n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby, aktu\u00e1ln\u011b jsou uplat\u0148ov\u00e1ny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my:–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paraleln\u00ed hybrid ozna\u010dovan\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako mild-hybrid je technick\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e jako hlavn\u00ed pohon automobilu p\u016fsob\u00ed elektromotor dopl\u0148ovan\u00fd spalovac\u00edm motorem s\u00a0rekuperac\u00ed energie. Motory jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00a0konfiguraci automobilu vedle sebe a propojeny spojkou, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich vz\u00e1jemnou alternaci nebo kombinovan\u00fd provoz. Tato forma hybridn\u00edho pohonu se vyskytuje nej\u010dast\u011bji a ve sv\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech ji maj\u00ed integrovanou vozy zna\u010dky Honda nebo Volkswagen.–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00e9riov\u00fd hybrid je sestaven ze vz\u00e1jemn\u011b navazuj\u00edc\u00edch pohonn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, u nich\u017e spalovac\u00ed motor slou\u017e\u00ed jako gener\u00e1tor energie pro elektromotor. Tato technologie m\u011bla slou\u017eit jako prost\u0159edek pro prodlou\u017een\u00ed provozu elektromotoru a je vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na n\u011bkter\u00fdmi vozy zna\u010dek BMW nebo Opel.–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plug-in hybrid umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed motoru ze s\u00edt\u011b pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho adapt\u00e9ru, kter\u00e9 je dopln\u011bno spalovac\u00edm motorem p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed zdroj energie v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b absence dob\u00edjec\u00ed stanice pro akumul\u00e1tor v\u00a0dojezdov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Tento syst\u00e9m aplikovala nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost Kia.–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kombinovan\u00fd hybrid zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako strong hybrid nebo full hybrid uplat\u0148uje propojen\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed typ\u016f pohon\u016f (dvou elektromotor\u016f a spalovac\u00edho motoru) pomoc\u00ed tzv. hybridn\u00ed spojky. Syst\u00e9m vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vozy spole\u010dnost\u00ed Toyota nebo Ford.Alternativn\u00ed a hybridn\u00ed pohony v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b obvykle zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed sv\u00e9 technologie na zaveden\u00fdch spalovac\u00edch motorech, jeliko\u017e p\u0159echod v\u00fdroby na zcela nov\u00fd typ pohonu je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a vzhledem ke komplexnosti produkce v\u00a0automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt realizov\u00e1n pozvolna. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed elektromotor\u016f nebo spalov\u00e1n\u00ed alternativn\u00edch pohonn\u00fdch hmot se p\u0159es snahu o pokro\u010dil\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed rozv\u00edj\u00ed velmi pomalu a implementace nov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f je limitov\u00e1na zejm\u00e9na nad\u0159azenou standardizac\u00ed a legislativn\u00edmi regulacemi. Energetick\u00e9 zdroje modern\u00edho typu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed nap\u0159. sol\u00e1rn\u00ed nebo v\u011btrnou energii si tak z\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b dlouho po\u010dkaj\u00ed, ne\u017e budou moci b\u00fdt pln\u011b vyu\u017eity p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0pohonn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech automobil\u016f.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.6\/5 - (12 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Hybridn\u00ed pohony","item":"https:\/\/www.simpli.cz\/hybridni-pohony\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]